![]() ![]() Although it was programmable, it was not general-purpose, being designed to perform only a single task. Colossus, developed during the Second World War to decrypt German messages was the first electronic digital computer. The electromechanical Zuse, completed in 1941, was the world's first programmable computer, and by modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered a complete computing machine. Įlectronic computers, using either relays or valves, began to appear in the early 1940s. Comparable geared devices did not emerge in Europe until the 16th century, and it was not until 1645 that the first mechanical calculator capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed. The Antikythera mechanism, dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer, and the earliest known geared mechanism. The Zuse Z3 is the first programmable computer.ĭevices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick. History of computer technology Zuse Z3 replica on display at Deutsches Museum in Munich. This article focuses on the most recent period (electronic), which began in about 1940. īased on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish among four distinct phases of IT development: the pre-mechanical era (3000 BC – 1450 AD), the mechanical phase (1450–1840), the electromechanical phase (1840–1940) and the electronic age (1940–present). We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review authors Harold J. Several industries are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecommunications equipment, engineering, healthcare, e-commerce and computer services. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. ![]() ![]() Information technology ( IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. ![]()
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